午夜福利总站-午夜国产-午夜国产爆乳-午夜国产传媒-午夜国产大片-午夜国产福利片-午夜国产福利在线-午夜国产精品福利-午夜国产精品视频-午夜国产理伦

lazer

'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

drcwto

12 Oct 2025(atualizado 12/10/2025 às 02h17)

'Its strength is its simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegarSkip to contentBritish Broadc

Temas

Compartilhe

Bruce_Williss_wife_says_he_is_in_great_health_but_brain_failing.txt'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

'Its strength is spin palace casino mexicoits simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegarSkip to contentBritish Broadcasting CorporationRegisterSign InHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveHomeNewsIsrael-Gaza WarWar in UkraineUS & CanadaUKUK PoliticsEnglandN. IrelandN. Ireland PoliticsScotlandScotland PoliticsWalesWales PoliticsAfricaAsiaChinaIndiaAustraliaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastIn PicturesBBC InDepthBBC VerifySportBusinessExecutive LoungeTechnology of BusinessFuture of BusinessInnovationTechnologyScience & HealthArtificial IntelligenceAI v the MindCultureFilm & TVMusicArt & DesignStyleBooksEntertainment NewsArtsArts in MotionTravelDestinationsAfricaAntarcticaAsiaAustralia and PacificCaribbean & BermudaCentral AmericaEuropeMiddle EastNorth AmericaSouth AmericaWorld’s TableCulture & ExperiencesAdventuresThe SpeciaListTo the Ends of The Earth EarthNatural WondersWeather & ScienceClimate SolutionsSustainable BusinessGreen LivingAudioPodcast CategoriesRadioAudio FAQsVideoLiveLive NewsLive SportHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveWeatherNewsletters'Its strength is its simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegar24 April 2025ShareSaveKatarina ZimmerShareSaveGetty Images(Credit: Getty Images)Katarina Zimmer put vinegar to the test as a cleaning product and discovered a wide range of benefits, for people and the planet.A few months ago in my new Berlin apartment, my toilet and I were at war. No amount of scrubbing or toilet cleaner would evict the limescale coating inside. Frustrated, I turned to Google and stumbled across a page recommending vinegar – something that the previous inhabitant had left behind in abundance. After dropping two tablespoons full of "Essigessenz" – essentially concentrated vinegar – into the toilet and waiting for half an hour, I scrubbed and the limescale came off in a moment. Since then, I've enthusiastically used vinegar to rid my world of limescale. I've found it even more effective than my regular kitchen spray cleaner for getting my sink sparkling. That includes the faucet, which I wrapped in a vinegar-soaked kitchen tissue – whereas my regular cleaning spray dribbled off. And rather than having to buy special tablets to clean my limescale-smothered glass kettle, I simply poured two tablespoons of concentrated vinegar inside and boiled it. As the limescale crackled off, it made a satisfying sizzling sound.I wondered if vinegar had other advantages. Did it also kill off bacteria and other germs? And, importantly, was this simple, natural product better for the environment and for my health than regular cleaning products? The internet is full of sustainability influencers and green cleaning blogs that advertise vinegar as a jack-of-all-trades and a safer and "greener" alternative to "toxic" cleaning products. These claims make sense on the surface; vinegar is after all just fermented alcohol and has long been used as a food preservative, in salad dressings, as well as a household cleaner – but I wanted evidence. After interviewing three experts, I learned that while some of these claims are true, the benefits of vinegar depend a lot on how it's used and the kind of grime you're trying to get rid of.Getty ImagesLimescale dissolves more easily in acidic fluids like vinegar (Credit: Getty Images)Reassuringly, Eric Beckman, a chemical engineer and emeritus professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, told me that the best cleaning use for acetic acid – the main component of vinegar – is exactly what I had been using it for: as a descaler. Limescale – and rust, for that matter – consists of certain ions that dissolve more easily in acidic fluids like vinegar, he says. Beckman uses vinegar himself to get limescale off mirrors, while the microbiologist Dirk Bockmühl of Germany's Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences prefers using lemon juice, which contains citric acid, which he says is a more effective descaler and smells better. (Read more about why vinegar is such an effective cleaner.)That said, vinegar doesn't work on everything. Beckman says that soap does a better job at removing oily films on dishes, while baking soda is effective against processed oils that have stuck onto surfaces while cooking. (Read more about whether baking soda is environmentally friendly).However, Beckman expresses exasperation about a popular remedy of mixing vinegar together with baking soda. The mixture is chemically quite useless, he says, as the acid of vinegar and the base of baking soda effectively cancel each other out. "I use both, but not together," says Beckman. "Together, they give you nothing."   And while vinegar is often touted as a powerful antimicrobial, Bockmühl says, the truth is more nuanced. In a 2020 study, Bockmühl and his colleagues put vinegar to the test against a selection of disease-causing bacteria, viruses and fungi. While many internet recommendations suggest adding a dash of vinegar into a bucket of water for cleaning, Bockmühl found that its anti-microbial effects only kick in at an acetic acid concentration of 5% – its concentration in pure vinegar. And it was only fully effective at distilled concentrations of 10%  – to which the researchers added a dash of citric acid – in killing off five common bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a mould, a yeast and a weakened strain of the vaccinia virus. Other studies have found that similar concentrations also work against Sars-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19.  But even these concentrations didn't work against the MRSA bacterium, an especially stubborn strain of Staphylococcus aureus that's resistant to certain antibiotics, while countless bacteria remain untested. Many bacteria – including the ones that ferment alcohol into vinegar – thrive in acids, Beckman adds: "Then they'll be like, 'ooh, yay, vinegar.'" Some moulds, too, are resistant to acetic acid while some viruses – like norovirus – might be, too, Bockmühl suspects. Beckman says that soaps are more effective against bacteria, while standard disinfectants work better against viruses and moulds. Harsh treatments like bleach will definitely kill everything, Beckman says – although bleach can be unsafe if used incorrectly.Getty ImagesVinegar is less effective against processed oils that have stuck onto surfaces during cooking (Credit: Getty Images)Bockmühl stresses that, even for the germs that vinegar does kill, a relatively high concentration is needed. The concentration won't be adequate "if you just put a teaspoon of vinegar into your cleaning solution", Bockmühl says. However, the higher the dose of acetic acid, the more irritating it can be on the skin, he adds. It is harmful if it gets into your eyes. Surfaces can suffer, too: vinegar corrodes natural stone and metals like copper, bronze and brass, according to the Italian chemist Dario Bressanini's book The Science of Cleaning. And in dishwashers or washing machines, it can harm the rubber gaskets used to seal them, while it could also damage coffee machines and strip away the coating on tiles and grout, Bressanini writes. But Bockmühl assures me that it's fine to use vinegar on glass and ceramic surfaces – like my toilet – and stainless steel sinks.The trouble that Bockmühl sees with using homemade cleaning products is that they don't come with instructions or safety recommendations. "They might be safe if you know what you're doing," he says, "but there are a lot of really stupid and absurd recommendations on the internet".More like this:? Are you cleaning your water bottle enough?? Why you might want to change your bedclothes more often? Seven proven ways to help the planet in 2025 To learn more about how the health risks of vinegar compare with those of conventional cleaners, I called up Nicola Carslaw, professor of indoor air chemistry at the University of York in the UK. Her concern is how cleaners disrupt the air in our homes and buildings. It's known that professional domestic cleaners tend to have higher rates of asthma than other occupational groups, although it's proven difficult to pin that on any single product or ingredient.In a recent study, Carslaw and her colleagues tested 23 different cleaning products including dishwasher fluid, washing up liquid and spray products, and found that many of them released volatile chemical compounds (VOCs). Some of these compounds, like terpenes, are often added to give pleasant aromas, such as lavender or pine oil, but they're highly reactive in the atmosphere. Terpenes for instance, easily react with ozone in the air, creating miniscule particles. In general, inhaling particles of this size has been linked to lung and heart disease."Your nose is a really good filter for the big particles, but the smaller ones can get all the way into your lungs [and] into the bloodstream," Carslaw says. Interestingly, in her study she found that cleaning products marketed as "natural" or "green" didn't seem any healthier in this regard. "The natural/green ones had as many, if not more VOCs as the standard cleaners, and in many cases they were more reactive," she says.Vinegar passes muster on any sustainability scale because it's simple and it's degradable – Eric BeckmanBut vinegar, by contrast, only consists of water and acetic acid (and a few other substances that make the difference between red and wine vinegar, for instance). As such, "it's just not going to be chemically reactive in the same way", Carslaw says. Another advantage of vinegar is that it's usually applied on a cloth to wipe surfaces rather than used as a spray, Carslaw adds. Research shows that cleaning products applied in spray form have more harmful effects on the respiratory system than liquids and wipes. (Read more about the health risks associated with cleaning products in Jessica Bradley's story). "When you spray something, you're turning the chemical into a form that's much easier to breathe [in] than if you have the liquid," Carslaw says. That said, she always advises gloves when there's risk of skin contact, good ventilation and avoiding excessive cleaning, whatever product is used. (Read more about whether we're cleaning too much for our own good).Getty ImagesVinegar quickly breaks down and therefore its environmental impact is low (Credit: Getty Images)This all left me with one remaining question: is using vinegar more environmentally friendly than conventional cleaners? That's a hard question to answer, says Beckman. Ideally, there would be life cycle analyses for cleaning products which track impacts from cradle to grave, tracing each ingredient back to its source, how it's produced, transported, packaged and eventually disposed of. But very few companies do that thoroughly, even if they do brand their products as "green", Beckman says. "But I will say this about vinegar. [Its] strength is its simplicity," Beckman says. Conventional cleaners can consist of more than a dozen different ingredients, many of them industrially manufactured in energy-consuming processes, he says. Acetic acid is born through the natural, yeast-driven fermentation of alcohol, which itself comes from the natural fermentation of sugar. The biggest environmental impact of vinegar-making is where the sugar came from – whether it's grapes, apples, grains, potatoes, or rice – which are largely renewable resources. Bockmühl cautions that this only applies to naturally fermented vinegars, the ones typically sold as food products; there are also synthetic vinegars which are derived from fossil fuels, meaning they come with all the environmentally harmful impacts of oil and gas extraction.  Even at the very end of its life, vinegar has little impact. While many ingredients in soaps are tough molecules and don't easily biodegrade, sometimes continuing to kill organisms once they're in the environment, vinegar quickly breaks down, Beckman says. "Vinegar passes muster on any sustainability scale because it's simple and it's degradable," he says. After discovering all of this, I felt even better about using vinegar. I probably won't rely on it for ridding my surfaces of germs, but I'll keep using it to remove limescale and look forward to trying it out on the next rusty item I find. I'm happy to put up with the smell, knowing that I'm using a sustainable product that's likely better for my health. --For essential climate news and hopeful developments to your inbox, sign up to the Future Earth newsletter, while The Essential List delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights twice a week.For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on Facebook, X and Instagram.EarthSustainability on a ShoestringHygieneHealthSustainabilityEnvironmentClimateScienceFeaturesWatchExplaining how a touchscreen works with a sausageBritish mathematician Hannah Fry digs into the science of touchscreens.4 Aug 2025ScienceSeven images that transformed our world viewWatch how the maps and images of our planet from above have changed over the last two millennia.30 Apr 2025EarthTen striking images of an Earth scarred by humansFrom a shipwrecking yard in Bangladesh to a river of iron dioxide in Canada, a deep dive in Ed Burtynsky's work.16 Apr 2025EarthWhat's inside a black hole?Black holes are one of the mysteries of the universe where all the laws of nature as we know them stop working.9 Apr 2025ScienceUsing bubbles to remove forever chemicals from our waterBBC Click visits a UK research team working on a solution to remove toxic chemicals known as PFAS from water.27 Mar 2025ScienceHow sex with Neanderthals changed us foreverWe find out what we gained when Homo sapiens mated with Homo neanderthalensis many thousands of years ago.18 Mar 2025ScienceTheory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.12 Feb 2025ScienceRaja the elephant asking for a road tollIn Sri Lanka, a charming elephant cheekily halts traffic for treats. 29 Jan 2025EarthInside the hidden world of rhino romanceWatch two rhinoceroses involved in a game of 'kiss and chase'.24 Jan 2025EarthThe power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the bodyDr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.22 Jan 2025HealthA mother tiger on a fierce hunt to feed her cubsWhile her three offspring take a leisurely bath, this Bengal tiger mother must find food for the entire family.16 Jan 2025EarthHow foxes outsmart world's heaviest raptor in quest for foodWatch red foxes challenge the Steller's sea eagle, the world's heaviest raptor, as they search for food in Japan.8 Jan 2025EarthHomo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identifiedResearchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.6 Jan 2025ScienceMum saves baby seal with a clever trickWatch as David Attenborough reveals the unique behaviour of a mother seal to protect her pup in icy waters.31 Dec 2024EarthHow Arctic communities protect themselves from avalanchesBBC Click finds out how local communities in Svalbard use technology to combat avalanches and heavy snowfall.31 Dec 2024ScienceMountain goats: A death-defying battle to mateWatch the world's largest species of goat fight for the right to mate, teetering on the edge of perilous drops.17 Dec 2024EarthThe near miraculous escape of a cave swiftThe Tam Nam Lod Cave is home to over a quarter of a million swifts. But there are hidden dangers.12 Dec 2024EarthMeet the mudskipper: The remarkable fish that lives on landThe mudskipper is a fish that can leap with a flick of its tail. Watch a particularly agile specimen in action.3 Dec 2024EarthWatch the dramatic escape of tiny fish from deadly sharksThe Moorish idol, a dramatic little fish with dazzling stripes, adopts a clever strategy to save its life.27 Nov 2024EarthEarth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides tooHow do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.28 Sep 2024Weather & scienceMore from the BBC3 hrs agoFarmer, 37, dies after missing out on new treatment Robin Elcock was unable to access new treatment for brain tumours as he did not have the necessary tissue.3 hrs ago4 hrs agoDementia suits show how tricky daily tasks can beThe simulation suits are helping health staff understand the frustration patients face every day.4 hrs ago4 hrs agoBlood cancer treatments come on 'leaps and bounds'A Wiltshire woman, who is now in remission, says new treatments are also much gentler on the body. 4 hrs ago8 hrs agoPostcode lottery for new cancer treatments, doctors warnExperts say bureaucracy is "stifling innovation" and that applying for funding to pay for new treatments can be "cumbersome".8 hrs ago8 hrs agoDr Xand: Stress is normal. Here's how to manage it betterStress, in small doses, can be good for us. Here are five simple, science-backed ways to manage it better. 8 hrs agoBritish Broadcasting CorporationHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveWeatherBBC ShopBritBoxBBC in other languagesFollow BBC on:Terms of UseAbout the BBCPrivacy PolicyCookiesAccessibility HelpContact the BBCAdvertise with usDo not share or sell my infoBBC.com Help & FAQsContent IndexCopyright 2025 BBC. All rights reserved. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking. 

NEWSLETTER GRATUITA

Nexo | Hoje

10_reasons_both_Harris_and_Trump_can_be_hopeful_of_victory.txt

Burkina Faso 0-0 Egypt Pharaohs miss chance to seal World Cup 2026 spot - BBC Sport.txt abrangente e os ponto quente lazer.

GRáFICOS

nos eixos

'Her vulnerability still resonates deeply' Why Madonna's Ray of Light is 2025's hottest album.txt

British_999_callers_voice_cloned_by_Russian_network_using_AI.txt explorar e os entretenimento ponto quente.

Navegue por temas

Books_-_BBC_News.txt Bruce Willis's wife says he is in great health but brain failing.txt Bridgwater_church_congregation_left_unsafe_as_rocks_thrown.txt CBC_-_Wales_-_BBC_Bitesize.txt Britains_most_unique_cricket_grounds_BBC_Sport_visits_beaches_and_castles_-_BBC_Sport.txt Butt_out_of_Army_row_-_ONeill_tells_DUP_leader.txt Bradford_UK_City_of_Culture_2025_-_BBC_News.txt Butterflies_-_BBC_News.txt Bristol_DJ_and_his_special_gran_to_release_south_Asian_cookbook.txt Brothers_were_racing_before_Welshpool_death_crash_-_court.txt
国精产品888 | 免播放器在线观看 | 成年网站未满十八禁毛片免费 | 毛片A级毛片免费观看品善网 | 国产精品AV国片偷人妻麻豆 | 日产乱码卡1卡2卡三免费 | 在线a级 | 天堂v网| 国产又黄又刺激的免费A片小说 | 欧美成人高清在线视频大全 | 手机看片福利永久925 | 两性午夜色视频免费网站 | 国产成人精品大片免费下载 | 久久久精品色情天美 | 日韩精品免费一线在线观看 | 国产黄色在线播放 | 九九久久香港经典三级精品 | 中文字幕在线视频网 | 多人交换做爰波多野结衣图片 | 男人把j放进女人的下面的视频 | 亚洲天天综合网 | 琪琪色原网 | 美女脱内衣露出了奶头无马赛克图片 | 日本a视频| 色偷偷色偷偷色偷偷在线视频 | 国产精品久久欧美久久一区 | 欧美性生交XXXXX无码久久久 | 亚欧毛片 | 色四房 | 69久久无码一区人妻A片 | 国产中文字幕在线观看 | 成人AV综合在线网站 | 国产精品毛片无码 | 日韩精品观看 | 老师好大乳好紧好深动态图 | 欧美男生射精高潮视频网站 | 琪琪伦伦影院理论片 | 激情偷乱人成视频在线观看 | 亚洲国产综合另类视频 | 黄色在线网站观看 | 欧美一级在线看 | 久久福利一区 | 斗破苍穹第5季全集免费观看 | 公和我做爽死我了A片AAB | 国产精品呻吟久久人妻无吗 | 夜鲁鲁鲁夜夜综合视频欧美 | 鲁一鲁色一色 | 午夜精品久久久久久99热 | 三A级做爰片免费观看国产电影 | 亚洲区激情区图片小说区 | 在线播放波多野结衣 | 狠狠地撸2015最新版 | 久久免费视频精品在线 | 国产一区电影 | 亚洲国产精品自在在线观看 | 雾岛奈津美ed2k | 国产精品一区二区资源 | 日韩精品亚洲专在线电影 | 国产热久久精 | 国产欧美日韩国产高清 | 夜夜操天天插 | 在线观看视频99 | 亚洲色婷婷久久精品AV蜜桃小说 | 中国少妇内射XXXHD | 日本少妇BBW丰满做爰 | 丝瓜app下载网址进入安卓免费 | 黄色 在线 | 亚洲AV色情成人www | 国产欧美日韩视频免费 | 99久久点在线精品 | 中文网丁香综合网 | 97在线人人 | 九九热国产 | 国产精品高清视亚洲一区二区 | 国产麻豆精品久久一二三 | а中文在线天堂 | 中文字幕高清免费不卡视频 | 抖音app国产污 | 亚洲成AV人片在线观看WV | 把女人弄特爽黄a大片 | 色综合久久88色综合天天 | 中文字幕不卡视频 | 久久久中日AB精品综合 | 樱花草社区WWW视频在线观看高清 | 俺去也最新网站 | 强壮公弄得我次次高潮A片强视频 | 成人男女网18免费app | 亚洲色琪琪永久原网站 | 最近最好看的中文字幕1 | 91草草| 国产视频久久久久 | 在线看片亚洲 | 亚洲手机中文字幕 | 精品一区二区三区四区五区六区 | 免费看成人A片无码网站 | 色天天综合网色天天 | 日韩 在线视频精品 | 2020年日本高清一卡二卡三卡四卡 | 亚洲乱码一卡二卡四卡乱码新区 | 国产深夜福利在线观看网站 | 亚洲国产精品成人无码A片软件 | 中文日产无乱码AV在线观 | 国产肥熟女老太老妇A片 | 亚洲香蕉在线视频 | 日本一道人妻无码一区视频 | 片成年免费观看网站黄 | 亚洲一级毛片视频 | 免费黄色小网站 | 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区四区 | 国语对白免费观看网址 | 韩三级日本三级日本 | 中文字幕一区在线观看 | 校草被老师肉到失禁H | 日本亚洲精品无码专区国产 | 精品乱子伦一区二区三区 | 欧美xxxxx性喷潮 | 久久免费看少妇高潮A片JA | 中文字幕精品视频在线 | 亚洲 日韩 中文字幕区 | 日本韩国一区二区三区 | 色色嘻嘻嘻 | 国产福利午夜波多野结衣 | 免费的三级毛片 | 51无码人妻精品1国产 | 日本午夜精品 | 日韩黄色一级片 | 久久久国产一区二区三区四区小说 | 国产在线播放精品视频 | 欧美日韩91 | 国产精品久久久久久永久牛牛 | 高树玛利亚qvod | 国产青草视频免费观看97 | 91免费福利精品国产 | 国产精品人妻免费精品 | 国产精品一区成人精品 | 亚洲国产精品嫩草影院永久 | 精品午夜寂寞影院在线观看 | 欧美日本国产VA高清CABAL | 免费A级毛片黄A片高清在线播放 | 免费一区二区三区无码A片 免费又粗又硬进去好爽A片视频 | 日韩一区二区免费视频 | 亚洲AV在线一区二区三区 | 黑人肉大捧进出全过程动态 | 久久久久久91香蕉国产 | 黄色成人在线观看 | 亚洲天堂2017手机在线 | 四虎影视影院手机在线看 | 小小视频资源免费观看高清 | 3d肉蒲团观看地址 | 久久久久毛片免费观看 | 国99久9在线 | 免费 | 麻豆AV无码精品一区二区 | 久久这里只有精品2 | 综合网在线| 国产日本三级 | 波多野结衣全部系列在线观看 | 综合久久一区二区三区 | 国产在线播放网址 | 国产麻豆精品一区 | 青草视频.com| 欧美成a人片免费看久久 | 瑟瑟网站免费网站入口 | 久久草这里全是精品香蕉频线观 | 中文字幕欧美日韩久久 | 欧美成人无码视频午夜福利 | 乱码精品一卡二卡无卡 | 久久精品国产一区 | 国师受被肉到失禁各种PLAY | 亚洲四播房 | 性瘾荡乳H古代 | 美景之屋4在线未删减免费 美景之屋4在线 | 久久久精品日韩免费观看 | 国自产拍偷拍精品啪啪色 | 国产福利小视频尤物98 | 国产99久久精品 | 日本三级韩国三级香i港三级 | 久久精品免观看国产成人 | 300部大龄熟乱视频 3d 肉 蒲 团 | 国产三级黄色毛片 | 国色天香AV在线观看免费 | 91福利小视频 | 日本高清不卡码无码v亚洲 日本高清免费毛片大全 | 亏亏插曲叫疼的免费的视频 | 亚洲电影天堂av2017 | 国产精品乱码高清在线观看 | 精品久久久久久免费影院 | 国产一国产看免费高清片 | 一区二区三区视频 | 又硬又粗进去好爽A片免费视频 | 肉肉描写很细致的黄文 | 夜夜操天天摸 | 天海翼一区二区三区四区 | 国产精品野外AV久久久 | 国产精品扒开腿做爽爽爽A片唱戏 | 亚洲精品国产综合AV在线观看 | 男人把j放进女人的下面的视频 | 在线观看国产三级视频 | 日本免费一二三区中文 | 99日韩精品| 闺蜜把春药放进我下面那个 | 69久久国产精品热88人妻 | 色婷婷精品大全在线视频 | 好看的网站 你懂的 | 欧美在线视频免费观看 | 美女搞j| 色综合久久五月 | 日本无码免费A片无码视频 日本无码人妻精品一区二区蜜桃 | 久久精品视频在线看99 | 中文一级片 | 国产AV久久人人澡人人爱 | 日本无码一区二区三区不卡 | 亚洲AV无码无限在线观看不卡 | 中文久久 | 国产又色又爽又黄的A片 | 小蝌蚪视频app无限看 - 丝瓜ios视频丝瓜视 | 一级毛片免费在线观看网站 | 天堂网www中文在线资源 | 久久93精品国产91久久综合 | 久久天天干 | 九九re热| 亚洲欧美中文无码蝴蝶 | 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线播放 | 日韩一道本 | 久久人人玩人妻潮喷内射人人 | 永久免费在线看 | 亚洲精品久久AV无码一区二 | 波多野结衣 一区二区 | 欧美肥婆姓交大片 | 永久午夜福利视频一区在线观看 | 99久久精品免费看国产漫画 | 欧美人又长又大又粗无码视频一区 | 灌满到腿抽搐合不拢BL总受 | 色情成人吃奶激情视频在线播放 | 国产欧美国日产在线播放 | 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网 | 国产专区在线 | 欧美伦理片2o18在线看 | 美美哒免费高清影院在线观看8 | 国产精品爽黄69天堂A片潘金莲 | 一区二区三区高清 | 国产瑜伽白皙一区二区 | 激烈啪啪啪动态图 | 99久久国产露脸精品竹菊传煤 | 午夜精品久久久内射近拍高清 | xxxx.欧美 | 精品无码久久久久久久动漫 | 色就色 综合偷拍区 | 成人网站国产99 | 中文字幕免费视频 | 爽吗你个小浪货叫大声点 | 人人看人人艹 | 国产精品女 | 日韩MV欧美MV中文无码 | 欧美FREE性护士VIDE0SHD | Jizjizjizjiz日本护士水多 | 男人猛躁进女人的毛片A片 男人猛躁进女人的毛片A片小说 | 91网站免费在线观看 | 宝贝我想尿在里面h | 国产欧美日本在线 | 女人张开腿让男人桶免费网站 | 欧美日韩精品一区二区在线播放 | 欲色AV无码一区二区人妻 | 国产午夜精品片一区二区三区 | 久久精品出轨人妻国产 | 亚洲mv日韩mv欧美mv | 欧美日韩免费大片 | 精品久久久久久无码人妻国产馆 | 蜜桃久久久久久久久久久 | 帝王被大臣们调教高肉 | 大陆国语自产精品视频在 | 李李妮的视频vk | A级毛片内射免费视频 | 女人18毛多水多A片视频 | 欧美日韩中文亚洲v在线综合 | 强行征服丰满人妻 | 97制片厂爱豆传媒视频 | 国产传媒在线观看视频免费观看 | 十九天漫画在线观看免费 | 亚洲国产精品天堂在线播放 | 日本VA在线视频播放 | 色综合久久久久综合体桃花网 | 久久综合九色综合97小说 | 中文字幕无码中文字幕有码 | 激情视频综合网 | 亚洲视频高清不卡在线观看 | 乱码一卡二卡新区永久入口 | 在线播放国产不卡免费视频 | 热久久国产| 蜜臀AV久久国产午夜福利软件 | 久草黄色 | 韩国医院的特殊待遇5 | 国产黄毛片 | 性色AV一区二区三区咪爱四虎 | 五月婷婷综合激情 | 黄网站视频在线观看 | 永久国产| 黄色片网站在线观看 | 麻豆MD传媒MD0049入口 | 99在线免费播放 | 国产精品dvd | 九月婷婷人人澡人人添人人爽 | 一二三四日本高清无吗 | 日韩精品人妻AV一区二区三区 | 亚洲色婷婷久久精品AV蜜桃 | 免费在线观看黄网站 | 狠狠色噜噜狠狠色综合久 | 日韩字幕在线 | 亚洲免费色视频 | 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添影院视频 | 成人午夜精品网站在线观看 | 免费看一毛一级毛片视频 | 中文字字幕在线中文乱码2024 | 亲亲动漫网 | 曰本xxⅹ孕妇性xxx | 国产三级毛片视频 | 2022色婷婷综合久久久 | 91精品三级在线观看播放 | 国产亚洲欧美视频 | 91精品人成在线观看 | 日韩在线一区二区三区视频 | 中文字幕色| 午夜爱爱免费视频体验区 | 欧美在线视频一区二区三区 | 婷婷熟女在线视频 | 亚洲精品久久久久一区二区三区 | 性久久久久久久久 | 蜜桃日本免费MV免费播放 | 韩国一级毛片a级免观看 | 撑 趴 润滑 痛苦 求饶 BL | 无码强伦姧A片在线观看 | 99久久久无码国产AAA精品 | 国产精品久久久久无毒 | 亚洲字幕 | 亚洲人成电影网站在线观看 | 五月激情综合网 | 十二寡妇肉床艳史邵氏小说 | 新版天堂资源在线官网8 | 国内精品伊人久久久久 | 午夜寂寞影院视频观看 | 在线资源天堂www | A片温柔的女保姆 | 蜜桃日本MV免费观看 | 99久久久免费精品免费 | 微拍福利88| 久久99九九精品免费 | 国产色婷婷精品免费视频 | 极品少妇XXXX精品少妇偷拍 | 黄网站色视频大全免费观看 | 天天碰免费视频 | 激情五月综合 | 欧美va天堂在线电影 | 韩国eee114网站 | 精品国产露脸久久AV麻豆 | 四虎影视永久无码精品 | 九九国产精品视频 | 四虎2024最新免费观看 | 亚洲 欧美 字幕 一区 在线 | 日本无码人妻丰满熟妇5G影院 | 日日夜夜精品免费视频 | 国精产品一区一区三区MBA下载 | 99久久国产免费 - 99久久国产免费 | 91精品国产色综合久久 | 免费大片黄在线观看视频 | 爽到喷水(H)小说 | 成人国产精品免费视频 | 国产一区二区福利 | 色情A片做爰片 | 麻豆国产一卡二卡三卡不卡 | 国内自拍视频在线播放 | 日日涩| 草莓app下载 2019年 | 人人澡人人澡人人澡 | 最近的最新的中文字幕视频 | 在线观看网站国产 | 活大器粗NP高H一女多夫 | 看黄视频网站 | 国产一区二区三区不卡在线观看 | 欧美一级高清在线观看 | 成人网18免费视频 | 波多野结衣在线影视 | 欧美一区视频在线 | 种地吧少年第一季 | 97人人草 | 中文字幕乱码 电影在线观看 | 国色天香日本免费观看 | 欧美男男videos在线 | 你他妈别舔内射视频免费 | 久久99国产亚洲精品观看 | 亚洲欧美日韩精品久久 | 精品人妻伦九区久久AAA片麻豆 | 狠狠色丁香久久婷婷综合丁香 | 国产一二三精品无码不卡日本 | 成人在线黄色 | 欧美看片 | 国产美女被爽到高潮激情免费A片 | 国产又粗又爽又猛的视频A片 | 色情视现频免费观看 | 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添A片看见 | 按摩做爰A片在线播放 | 天天插综合网 | 久久精品国产400部免费看 | 91新网址| 日韩一区二区在线观看视频 | 久久精品国产免费播放 | 人妻 小说 | 色即是空qvod| 欧美videosex性欧美成人 | 最近中文字幕免费完整 | 无码成人性爽XO视频在线观看 | xxnx日本のxxxnx | 亚洲日本在线播放 | 真紧H嘶爽老子H | 2024人禽伦交 | 欧美真人性做爰一二区欧美影院 | 日本在线国产 | 波多野结衣在线影视免费观看 | 日本工口里画番全彩 | 日韩操穴| www国产91| 秋霞成人午夜鲁丝一区二区三区 | 伊人久久综在合线亚洲不卡 | 久青草国产视频 | 窝窝午夜在线观看免费观看 | 日本一本二本三区免费2019高清 | 青草园网站在线观看 | 色天天综合网 | 99视频在线观看视频 | 日美韩大片高清免费观看 | 一起来看流星雨在哪拍的 | 国产精品久久午夜夜伦鲁鲁 | 扒开双腿被两个男人玩弄视频 | 国产成人手机高清在线观看网站 | 樱桃视频直播在线观看高清下载 | 最新福利网站 | 五月天婷婷在线观看视频 | 在线免费观看毛片网站 | 国产成人AV激情在线播放 | 欧美激情无码成人A片 | 成人免费在线视频 | 亚洲 图片 另类 综合 小说 | 奶大灬舒服灬太大了一进一出 | 日本99久久九九精品无码 | 免费精品精品国产欧美在线 | 亚洲色琪琪永久原网站 | 狠狠插视频 | 97超碰护土香蕉 | 波多野结无码高清中文 | 一本色道久久综合一区 | 日日碰狠狠躁久久躁96AVV | 美丽的小蜜桃2主演其他电影 | 国产999在线观看 | 99这里只有精品 | 少妇被又大又粗又爽A片 | 中文在线最新版天堂 | 久久九九色| 人妻插B视频一区二区三区 人妻丰满熟妇V无码区A片免费看 | 99国产精品国产精品 | 国语自产拍在线观看偷拍在 | 亚州av | 窝窝午夜看片七次郎青草视频 | 欧美国产精品久久久乱码 | 激情六月婷婷 | 日本高清在线观看视频www | 一本久道久久综合婷婷五月 | 日产乱码卡1卡2卡三卡四在线 | 天天干天天操天天摸 | 久久久久综合中文字幕 | 香蕉AV亚洲精品一区二区 | 伦理电影中文字幕韩国在线观看 | 2024婷婷天堂综合区色吧 | 一级精品视频 | 久久九九日本韩国精品 | 亚洲大码熟女在线 | 91制片厂制作果冻传媒网站 | 日韩一级视频在线观看播放 | 成人国产色情无码永久免费软件 | 日韩在线小视频 | 蜜桃视频在线观看免费视频网站WWW | 成人片在线视频 | 亚洲无人区在线观看AV | 欧美一级视频免费 | 国精品人妻无码一区二区三区三 | 人人干夜夜操 | 美国毛片亚洲社区在线观看 | 亚洲A片V一区二区三区有声 | 吕守备粗大进出黄蓉的秘密 | AV日日碰狠狠躁久久躁 | 亚洲国产熟妇无码一区二区 | 他用舌头给我高潮喷水在线 | 久久国产一区二区三区 | 久操国产在线 | 亚洲精品高清AV在线播放 | 69式在线观看免费视频播放 | 黄色毛片在线 | 青青青国产精品免费观看 | 日韩一区二区不卡 | 亚洲精品一区久久久久一品AV | www.久艹| 日本欧美大码aⅴ在线播放 日本欧美不卡一区二区三区在线 | 天天玩夜夜操 | 日本少妇无码一区视频 | 欧美国产激情二区三区-免费A片 | 视频在线观看一区二区三区 | 国产精品视频久久久久久 | 亚洲一区综合图区 | 婷婷色香五月激情综合2020 | 免费jizz在线播放视频 | 国产女人乱人伦精品一区二区 | 久久精品免费人成人A片 | 欧美日韩一区二区三区四区 | 久久99久久精品97久久综合 | 酒色电影网 | 一个人看的www播放高清 | 天堂资源在线www中文 | 清纯 唯美 制服 欧美 动漫 | 黄网观看 | 国产精品高潮呻吟AV久久小说 | 最近最新中文字幕大全高清版 | 美景之屋4在线 | 日本在线有码电影网站 | 小辣椒导航精品福利视频 | 日本jzjzjz大全 | 中文无码欧美人妻日韩精品 | 91美女在线| 麻花传剧原创mv在线观看 | www天堂网 | 日本a免费观看 | 久久99久久精品国产只有 | 亚洲色女图| 欧美又大又黄又粗又长A片 欧美又大又色又爽AAAA片 | 欧美丰满大乳无码少妇 | 日韩黄色大全 | 日韩成人A片一区二区三区 日韩艹 | 色综合视频一区二区三区 | 里番肉工口全彩无遮挡 | 欧美劲爆婷婷五月久久 | 四虎影视永久无码精品 | AV亚洲产国偷V产偷V自拍AV | 老黄网站在线观看免费 | 欧美黑人性xxx猛交 欧美黑人双插 | 美国一级毛片视频 | 国产成人无精品久久久久国语 | 国产综合91天堂亚洲国产 | 四虎影视永久免费观看在线 | 久久久国产高清 | 午夜精品久久久久久毛片 | 国产精品久久久久一区二区三区共 | 奇米777四色影视在线播放 | 色涩网站在线观看 | 色玖玖| 香蕉视频久久 | 九九九视频 | 国产又黄又刺激的免费A片小说 | 亚洲乱色熟女一区二区三区蜜臀 | 精品欧美成人无码专区毛片视频 | 视频区国产亚洲.欧美 | 日夜夜操 | 色五月激情五月 | 夜夜操夜夜摸 | 国产区1 | 国产91小视频 | 抽插内射高潮呻吟爆乳 | 日本护士xxxx在线播放 | 日韩黄色中文字幕 | 在线观看黄色网 | 中文字幕无码人妻AAA片 | 求av网站| 快播色导航 | 欧美日韩免费大片 | 日本久久久久久级做爰片 | 99久久综合给久久精品 | 韩国理论片中文线播放最新 | 国产真人无码AV在线观看APP | 国产精品欧美亚洲日本综合 | 岛国色情A片无码视频免费看 | 卯月麻衣种子 | 亚洲AV久久无码精品九九九小说 | 丁香花丁香五香天堂网 | 四虎最新网站 | 阿娇不雅视频 | 亚洲一区自拍高清亚洲精品 | 国产亚洲一区二区在线观看 | 在线成人福利 | 成人国产色情免费观看 | 国产精品人人做人人爽人人添 | 一区二区三区视频在线观看 | 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡无卡免费视频 | 色琪琪丁香婷婷综合久久 | 日本中文字幕网站 | 欧美精品亚洲精品 | 亚洲精品一区二区绿巨人 | 老司机午夜视频 | 欧亚乱色熟一区二区三四区 | 麻生希快播种子 | 国产黄色一级毛片 | 一本-道久久A久久精品综合 | 四虎影视高清视频在线观看 | 亚洲视频在线一区二区三区 | 欧美大屁股熟妇BBBBBB | 在线观看亚洲一区二区 | game center怎么改名字 | 色噜噜狠狠大色综合 | 美女免费高清观看影视大全 | 亚洲视频自拍偷拍 | 欧美1卡一卡二卡三新区 | 2024亚洲电影最新地址 | 久久久99精品久久久久久 | 丰满五十老女人性视频 | 人成乱码一卡二卡三四卡无卡六卡 | 免费高清在线观看a网站 | 蜜桃臀无码AV在线观看 | 狠狠操天天射 | 精品丰满人妻无套内射 | wwxxx免费| 与女乱小说目录伦下载 | 色小说网| 中文字幕高清在线中文字幕 | 欧美性1生交XXXXX无码 | 欧美日日干| 风雨送春归免费观看 | 99久久精品免费看国产高清 | 国产永久一区二区三区 | 亚洲精品久久国产高清情趣 | 欧美一级久久久久久久大片 | 久久久国产99久久国产久 | 日韓無碼人妻不倫A片 | 医生护士一级毛片 | 色秀视频免费网站在线观看 | 亚洲 欧洲 小说 自拍 | 欧美曰逼 | av毛片| 亚洲激情网站 | 搭讪的法则迅雷下载 | 狠狠五月婷婷 | 丁香婷婷综合网 | 受被三个攻各种道具PLAY | 黄色网址免费 | 少妇性BBB搡BBB爽爽爽 | 成人免费精品网站在线观看影片 | 丁香五月综合缴情综合 | 一区二区亚洲精品国产精华液 | 亚洲视频一区二区在线观看 | 日本最色网站 | 最好看的最新的中文字幕 | 性过程写得很黄很详细的小说 | 日本少妇做爰免费视频网站 | 亚在线观看免费视频入口 | 无码人妻精品1国产婷婷 | 国产电影一区二区三区爱妃记 | 影音先锋影av色资源网 | 色人阁久久| 国产深夜男女无套内射 | 欧美刺激黄A片 | 女人被添全过程A片试看V | 2020年精品国产品在线网站 | 各种姿势被陌生人np高h小说 | 国产日韩成人内射视频 | 亚洲性无码AV久久成人 | 国产精品成久久久久三级 | 四虎影视在线视频大全免费观看 | 桃色AV久久无码线观看 | 青青青青青国产免费手机看视频 | 五月婷婷激情视频 | 久热香蕉在线爽青青 | 俺去也成人 | 我和岳疯狂性做爰全过程 | 3d肉蒲团快播种子 | 黄色网址免费观看视频 | 快穿之被系统肉到哭H | 久热草视频 | 日本欧美国产精品第一页久久 | 日本工口里画番全彩 | 日本免费视频费观看在线 | 狼人 成人 综合 亚洲 | 爱爱好爽好大好紧视频 | 精品免费看一区二区三区A片 | 国精产品一区一区三区 | 少妇高潮灌满白浆毛片免费看 | 色噜噜综合熟女人妻一区 | 影音先锋av男人色情 | 久久视频这里只精品18 | 丰满多毛少妇做爰视频 | 成人无码A片一区二区三区免 | 噜噜色图 | 天堂网2021天堂手机版 | 亚洲欧美日韩另类精品一区二区三区 | 成年免费看片在线观看 | 日日噜噜夜夜狠狠tv视频免费 | av电影下载网址 | 国偷自产一区二区免费视频 | 亚欧色一区W666天堂 | 深夜福利欧美 | 欧洲乱码一卡2卡三卡4卡高清 | 天天干天天曰 | 性色xxx视频 | 国产做爰又粗又大免费看 | 人妻天天爽夜夜爽三区麻豆A片 | 日本三级日产三级国产三级 | 在线涩涩免费观看国产精品 | 涩涩网站在线观看 | 日本大片A成人无码超级麻豆 | 男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸A片 | 亚洲精品久久YY5099 | 国产啪亚洲欧美精品无码 | 国产午夜视频在线观看 | 色导站 | 91在线看片一区国产 | 中文字幕日本亚洲欧美不卡 | 精品无码国产自产野外拍在线 | 亚洲精品久久精品一区二区 | 日本强伦姧熟睡人妻完整视频 | 凸隐日本最新厕所偷窥 | 狠狠躁日日躁夜夜躁A片55动漫 | 中文黄色片 | 国产又粗又黄又爽的A片小说 | 四四房播播 | 99久久久无码国产精品免费人妻 | a级欧美 | 精品久久久久不卡无毒 | 国产精品第12页 | 亚洲一码二码三码精华液 | 亚洲欧美国产旡码专区 | 成人中文在线 | 亚洲综合日韩中文字幕v在线 | 无人高清视频免费观看在线下载 | 成人网站网址在线观看播放 | 美国毛片aa | 精品国产精品人妻久久无码五月天 | 亚洲人成色20242024老人头 | 精品国产青草久久久久福利 | 日本一区二区三区在线观看网站 | 国产亚洲精品网站在线视频 | 吕守备粗大进出黄蓉的秘密 | 少妇愉情理伦片丰满丰满午夜小说 | 欧美一区二区视频在线观看 | 中国一级特黄剌激爽毛片 | 日本一道人妻无码一区视频 | 手机av在线播放 | 在线毛片观看 | 无码中文字幕在线播放2 | 99久久精品国语对白 | 麻豆AV传媒在线播放免费观看 | 精品麻豆国产 | 欧洲bbbbb| 国产精品人人爽人人做 | 曰本人做爰大片免费观看一 | 男人猛躁进女人的毛片A片小说 | 国产又黄又爽又色视频免费软件 | 六月丁香在线视频 | 最新精品视频2019在线视频 | 色噜噜狠狠色综无码久久合欧美 | 毛片基地免费视频a | 性久久久久久久久久 | 97超级碰久久久久香蕉人人 | 色另类 | 最近中文字幕完整视频高清1 | 亚洲 欧美 国产 日韩 中文字幕 | 性久久久久久久久波多野结衣 | 国模私拍高清大胆 炮战 | 大JI巴放进女人免费视频 | 天天操天天干天天爽 | 狠狠色成人综合 | 国产卡二卡三卡四卡免费网址 | 最新国产福利 | 国产精品免费一区二区区 | 成人在线高清不卡免费视频 | 中文字字幕在线中文乱码2019 | 国语对白精品视频在线观看 | 六月丁香婷婷激情 | 黄色网址在线免费播放 | 99在线视频免费观看 | 公车疯狂揉肉蒂高潮H失禁动态图 | 看黄免费在线 | 国产区在线看 | 午夜理论电影在线观看亚洲 | 美国毛片在线 | 天天综合网在线 | 伦理电影网韩国伦理片 | 被黑人猛烈进出到抽搐动A片 | 国产又黄又爽又猛免费app | 国产精品国产三级国产普通话对白 | 亚洲一级香蕉视频 | 欧美黄无码无遮挡大开眼戒 | 在线看片v免费观看视频777 | 精品久久久久成人码免费动漫 | 在线视频一区二区三区四区 | chinese乱子伦xxxx国语对白 | 青草青草视频 | 三级电影下载 | 亚洲国产第一区二区三区 | 日本毛片久久国产精品 | v片在线播放 | 日本不卡高字幕在线2019 | 亚洲瑟瑟网 | 欧洲日韩视频二区在线 | 亚洲色图16p | 中文字幕亚洲欧美日韩2019 | 我和闺蜜在公车被cao污文 | 拍拍拍无档又黄又爽视频 |