午夜福利总站-午夜国产-午夜国产爆乳-午夜国产传媒-午夜国产大片-午夜国产福利片-午夜国产福利在线-午夜国产精品福利-午夜国产精品视频-午夜国产理伦

lazer

'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

drcwto

12 Oct 2025(atualizado 12/10/2025 às 02h17)

'Its strength is its simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegarSkip to contentBritish Broadc

Temas

Compartilhe

Bruce_Williss_wife_says_he_is_in_great_health_but_brain_failing.txt'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

'Its strength is its simplicity' The benefits of cleaning with vinegar.txt

'Its strength is spin palace casino mexicoits simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegarSkip to contentBritish Broadcasting CorporationRegisterSign InHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveHomeNewsIsrael-Gaza WarWar in UkraineUS & CanadaUKUK PoliticsEnglandN. IrelandN. Ireland PoliticsScotlandScotland PoliticsWalesWales PoliticsAfricaAsiaChinaIndiaAustraliaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastIn PicturesBBC InDepthBBC VerifySportBusinessExecutive LoungeTechnology of BusinessFuture of BusinessInnovationTechnologyScience & HealthArtificial IntelligenceAI v the MindCultureFilm & TVMusicArt & DesignStyleBooksEntertainment NewsArtsArts in MotionTravelDestinationsAfricaAntarcticaAsiaAustralia and PacificCaribbean & BermudaCentral AmericaEuropeMiddle EastNorth AmericaSouth AmericaWorld’s TableCulture & ExperiencesAdventuresThe SpeciaListTo the Ends of The Earth EarthNatural WondersWeather & ScienceClimate SolutionsSustainable BusinessGreen LivingAudioPodcast CategoriesRadioAudio FAQsVideoLiveLive NewsLive SportHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveWeatherNewsletters'Its strength is its simplicity': The benefits of cleaning with vinegar24 April 2025ShareSaveKatarina ZimmerShareSaveGetty Images(Credit: Getty Images)Katarina Zimmer put vinegar to the test as a cleaning product and discovered a wide range of benefits, for people and the planet.A few months ago in my new Berlin apartment, my toilet and I were at war. No amount of scrubbing or toilet cleaner would evict the limescale coating inside. Frustrated, I turned to Google and stumbled across a page recommending vinegar – something that the previous inhabitant had left behind in abundance. After dropping two tablespoons full of "Essigessenz" – essentially concentrated vinegar – into the toilet and waiting for half an hour, I scrubbed and the limescale came off in a moment. Since then, I've enthusiastically used vinegar to rid my world of limescale. I've found it even more effective than my regular kitchen spray cleaner for getting my sink sparkling. That includes the faucet, which I wrapped in a vinegar-soaked kitchen tissue – whereas my regular cleaning spray dribbled off. And rather than having to buy special tablets to clean my limescale-smothered glass kettle, I simply poured two tablespoons of concentrated vinegar inside and boiled it. As the limescale crackled off, it made a satisfying sizzling sound.I wondered if vinegar had other advantages. Did it also kill off bacteria and other germs? And, importantly, was this simple, natural product better for the environment and for my health than regular cleaning products? The internet is full of sustainability influencers and green cleaning blogs that advertise vinegar as a jack-of-all-trades and a safer and "greener" alternative to "toxic" cleaning products. These claims make sense on the surface; vinegar is after all just fermented alcohol and has long been used as a food preservative, in salad dressings, as well as a household cleaner – but I wanted evidence. After interviewing three experts, I learned that while some of these claims are true, the benefits of vinegar depend a lot on how it's used and the kind of grime you're trying to get rid of.Getty ImagesLimescale dissolves more easily in acidic fluids like vinegar (Credit: Getty Images)Reassuringly, Eric Beckman, a chemical engineer and emeritus professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, told me that the best cleaning use for acetic acid – the main component of vinegar – is exactly what I had been using it for: as a descaler. Limescale – and rust, for that matter – consists of certain ions that dissolve more easily in acidic fluids like vinegar, he says. Beckman uses vinegar himself to get limescale off mirrors, while the microbiologist Dirk Bockmühl of Germany's Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences prefers using lemon juice, which contains citric acid, which he says is a more effective descaler and smells better. (Read more about why vinegar is such an effective cleaner.)That said, vinegar doesn't work on everything. Beckman says that soap does a better job at removing oily films on dishes, while baking soda is effective against processed oils that have stuck onto surfaces while cooking. (Read more about whether baking soda is environmentally friendly).However, Beckman expresses exasperation about a popular remedy of mixing vinegar together with baking soda. The mixture is chemically quite useless, he says, as the acid of vinegar and the base of baking soda effectively cancel each other out. "I use both, but not together," says Beckman. "Together, they give you nothing."   And while vinegar is often touted as a powerful antimicrobial, Bockmühl says, the truth is more nuanced. In a 2020 study, Bockmühl and his colleagues put vinegar to the test against a selection of disease-causing bacteria, viruses and fungi. While many internet recommendations suggest adding a dash of vinegar into a bucket of water for cleaning, Bockmühl found that its anti-microbial effects only kick in at an acetic acid concentration of 5% – its concentration in pure vinegar. And it was only fully effective at distilled concentrations of 10%  – to which the researchers added a dash of citric acid – in killing off five common bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a mould, a yeast and a weakened strain of the vaccinia virus. Other studies have found that similar concentrations also work against Sars-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19.  But even these concentrations didn't work against the MRSA bacterium, an especially stubborn strain of Staphylococcus aureus that's resistant to certain antibiotics, while countless bacteria remain untested. Many bacteria – including the ones that ferment alcohol into vinegar – thrive in acids, Beckman adds: "Then they'll be like, 'ooh, yay, vinegar.'" Some moulds, too, are resistant to acetic acid while some viruses – like norovirus – might be, too, Bockmühl suspects. Beckman says that soaps are more effective against bacteria, while standard disinfectants work better against viruses and moulds. Harsh treatments like bleach will definitely kill everything, Beckman says – although bleach can be unsafe if used incorrectly.Getty ImagesVinegar is less effective against processed oils that have stuck onto surfaces during cooking (Credit: Getty Images)Bockmühl stresses that, even for the germs that vinegar does kill, a relatively high concentration is needed. The concentration won't be adequate "if you just put a teaspoon of vinegar into your cleaning solution", Bockmühl says. However, the higher the dose of acetic acid, the more irritating it can be on the skin, he adds. It is harmful if it gets into your eyes. Surfaces can suffer, too: vinegar corrodes natural stone and metals like copper, bronze and brass, according to the Italian chemist Dario Bressanini's book The Science of Cleaning. And in dishwashers or washing machines, it can harm the rubber gaskets used to seal them, while it could also damage coffee machines and strip away the coating on tiles and grout, Bressanini writes. But Bockmühl assures me that it's fine to use vinegar on glass and ceramic surfaces – like my toilet – and stainless steel sinks.The trouble that Bockmühl sees with using homemade cleaning products is that they don't come with instructions or safety recommendations. "They might be safe if you know what you're doing," he says, "but there are a lot of really stupid and absurd recommendations on the internet".More like this:? Are you cleaning your water bottle enough?? Why you might want to change your bedclothes more often? Seven proven ways to help the planet in 2025 To learn more about how the health risks of vinegar compare with those of conventional cleaners, I called up Nicola Carslaw, professor of indoor air chemistry at the University of York in the UK. Her concern is how cleaners disrupt the air in our homes and buildings. It's known that professional domestic cleaners tend to have higher rates of asthma than other occupational groups, although it's proven difficult to pin that on any single product or ingredient.In a recent study, Carslaw and her colleagues tested 23 different cleaning products including dishwasher fluid, washing up liquid and spray products, and found that many of them released volatile chemical compounds (VOCs). Some of these compounds, like terpenes, are often added to give pleasant aromas, such as lavender or pine oil, but they're highly reactive in the atmosphere. Terpenes for instance, easily react with ozone in the air, creating miniscule particles. In general, inhaling particles of this size has been linked to lung and heart disease."Your nose is a really good filter for the big particles, but the smaller ones can get all the way into your lungs [and] into the bloodstream," Carslaw says. Interestingly, in her study she found that cleaning products marketed as "natural" or "green" didn't seem any healthier in this regard. "The natural/green ones had as many, if not more VOCs as the standard cleaners, and in many cases they were more reactive," she says.Vinegar passes muster on any sustainability scale because it's simple and it's degradable – Eric BeckmanBut vinegar, by contrast, only consists of water and acetic acid (and a few other substances that make the difference between red and wine vinegar, for instance). As such, "it's just not going to be chemically reactive in the same way", Carslaw says. Another advantage of vinegar is that it's usually applied on a cloth to wipe surfaces rather than used as a spray, Carslaw adds. Research shows that cleaning products applied in spray form have more harmful effects on the respiratory system than liquids and wipes. (Read more about the health risks associated with cleaning products in Jessica Bradley's story). "When you spray something, you're turning the chemical into a form that's much easier to breathe [in] than if you have the liquid," Carslaw says. That said, she always advises gloves when there's risk of skin contact, good ventilation and avoiding excessive cleaning, whatever product is used. (Read more about whether we're cleaning too much for our own good).Getty ImagesVinegar quickly breaks down and therefore its environmental impact is low (Credit: Getty Images)This all left me with one remaining question: is using vinegar more environmentally friendly than conventional cleaners? That's a hard question to answer, says Beckman. Ideally, there would be life cycle analyses for cleaning products which track impacts from cradle to grave, tracing each ingredient back to its source, how it's produced, transported, packaged and eventually disposed of. But very few companies do that thoroughly, even if they do brand their products as "green", Beckman says. "But I will say this about vinegar. [Its] strength is its simplicity," Beckman says. Conventional cleaners can consist of more than a dozen different ingredients, many of them industrially manufactured in energy-consuming processes, he says. Acetic acid is born through the natural, yeast-driven fermentation of alcohol, which itself comes from the natural fermentation of sugar. The biggest environmental impact of vinegar-making is where the sugar came from – whether it's grapes, apples, grains, potatoes, or rice – which are largely renewable resources. Bockmühl cautions that this only applies to naturally fermented vinegars, the ones typically sold as food products; there are also synthetic vinegars which are derived from fossil fuels, meaning they come with all the environmentally harmful impacts of oil and gas extraction.  Even at the very end of its life, vinegar has little impact. While many ingredients in soaps are tough molecules and don't easily biodegrade, sometimes continuing to kill organisms once they're in the environment, vinegar quickly breaks down, Beckman says. "Vinegar passes muster on any sustainability scale because it's simple and it's degradable," he says. After discovering all of this, I felt even better about using vinegar. I probably won't rely on it for ridding my surfaces of germs, but I'll keep using it to remove limescale and look forward to trying it out on the next rusty item I find. I'm happy to put up with the smell, knowing that I'm using a sustainable product that's likely better for my health. --For essential climate news and hopeful developments to your inbox, sign up to the Future Earth newsletter, while The Essential List delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights twice a week.For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on Facebook, X and Instagram.EarthSustainability on a ShoestringHygieneHealthSustainabilityEnvironmentClimateScienceFeaturesWatchExplaining how a touchscreen works with a sausageBritish mathematician Hannah Fry digs into the science of touchscreens.4 Aug 2025ScienceSeven images that transformed our world viewWatch how the maps and images of our planet from above have changed over the last two millennia.30 Apr 2025EarthTen striking images of an Earth scarred by humansFrom a shipwrecking yard in Bangladesh to a river of iron dioxide in Canada, a deep dive in Ed Burtynsky's work.16 Apr 2025EarthWhat's inside a black hole?Black holes are one of the mysteries of the universe where all the laws of nature as we know them stop working.9 Apr 2025ScienceUsing bubbles to remove forever chemicals from our waterBBC Click visits a UK research team working on a solution to remove toxic chemicals known as PFAS from water.27 Mar 2025ScienceHow sex with Neanderthals changed us foreverWe find out what we gained when Homo sapiens mated with Homo neanderthalensis many thousands of years ago.18 Mar 2025ScienceTheory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.12 Feb 2025ScienceRaja the elephant asking for a road tollIn Sri Lanka, a charming elephant cheekily halts traffic for treats. 29 Jan 2025EarthInside the hidden world of rhino romanceWatch two rhinoceroses involved in a game of 'kiss and chase'.24 Jan 2025EarthThe power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the bodyDr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.22 Jan 2025HealthA mother tiger on a fierce hunt to feed her cubsWhile her three offspring take a leisurely bath, this Bengal tiger mother must find food for the entire family.16 Jan 2025EarthHow foxes outsmart world's heaviest raptor in quest for foodWatch red foxes challenge the Steller's sea eagle, the world's heaviest raptor, as they search for food in Japan.8 Jan 2025EarthHomo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identifiedResearchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.6 Jan 2025ScienceMum saves baby seal with a clever trickWatch as David Attenborough reveals the unique behaviour of a mother seal to protect her pup in icy waters.31 Dec 2024EarthHow Arctic communities protect themselves from avalanchesBBC Click finds out how local communities in Svalbard use technology to combat avalanches and heavy snowfall.31 Dec 2024ScienceMountain goats: A death-defying battle to mateWatch the world's largest species of goat fight for the right to mate, teetering on the edge of perilous drops.17 Dec 2024EarthThe near miraculous escape of a cave swiftThe Tam Nam Lod Cave is home to over a quarter of a million swifts. But there are hidden dangers.12 Dec 2024EarthMeet the mudskipper: The remarkable fish that lives on landThe mudskipper is a fish that can leap with a flick of its tail. Watch a particularly agile specimen in action.3 Dec 2024EarthWatch the dramatic escape of tiny fish from deadly sharksThe Moorish idol, a dramatic little fish with dazzling stripes, adopts a clever strategy to save its life.27 Nov 2024EarthEarth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides tooHow do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.28 Sep 2024Weather & scienceMore from the BBC3 hrs agoFarmer, 37, dies after missing out on new treatment Robin Elcock was unable to access new treatment for brain tumours as he did not have the necessary tissue.3 hrs ago4 hrs agoDementia suits show how tricky daily tasks can beThe simulation suits are helping health staff understand the frustration patients face every day.4 hrs ago4 hrs agoBlood cancer treatments come on 'leaps and bounds'A Wiltshire woman, who is now in remission, says new treatments are also much gentler on the body. 4 hrs ago8 hrs agoPostcode lottery for new cancer treatments, doctors warnExperts say bureaucracy is "stifling innovation" and that applying for funding to pay for new treatments can be "cumbersome".8 hrs ago8 hrs agoDr Xand: Stress is normal. Here's how to manage it betterStress, in small doses, can be good for us. Here are five simple, science-backed ways to manage it better. 8 hrs agoBritish Broadcasting CorporationHomeNewsSportBusinessInnovationCultureArtsTravelEarthAudioVideoLiveWeatherBBC ShopBritBoxBBC in other languagesFollow BBC on:Terms of UseAbout the BBCPrivacy PolicyCookiesAccessibility HelpContact the BBCAdvertise with usDo not share or sell my infoBBC.com Help & FAQsContent IndexCopyright 2025 BBC. All rights reserved. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking. 

NEWSLETTER GRATUITA

Nexo | Hoje

10_reasons_both_Harris_and_Trump_can_be_hopeful_of_victory.txt

Burkina Faso 0-0 Egypt Pharaohs miss chance to seal World Cup 2026 spot - BBC Sport.txt abrangente e os ponto quente lazer.

GRáFICOS

nos eixos

'Her vulnerability still resonates deeply' Why Madonna's Ray of Light is 2025's hottest album.txt

British_999_callers_voice_cloned_by_Russian_network_using_AI.txt explorar e os entretenimento ponto quente.

Navegue por temas

Books_-_BBC_News.txt Bruce Willis's wife says he is in great health but brain failing.txt Bridgwater_church_congregation_left_unsafe_as_rocks_thrown.txt CBC_-_Wales_-_BBC_Bitesize.txt Britains_most_unique_cricket_grounds_BBC_Sport_visits_beaches_and_castles_-_BBC_Sport.txt Butt_out_of_Army_row_-_ONeill_tells_DUP_leader.txt Bradford_UK_City_of_Culture_2025_-_BBC_News.txt Butterflies_-_BBC_News.txt Bristol_DJ_and_his_special_gran_to_release_south_Asian_cookbook.txt Brothers_were_racing_before_Welshpool_death_crash_-_court.txt
日本JIZZ免费视频 | 国产我不卡 | 国禁国产you女视频网站 | 国产在线精品观看免费观看 | 最新版天堂资源中文官网 | 99久久中文字幕伊人 | 疯狂撞击美妇雪白的大肉臀 | 成人国产一区二区精品小说 | 午夜视频在线观看免费观看在线观看 | 脱女学小内内摸出水网站免费 | 人人97| 日产日韩亚洲欧美综合搜索 | 色综合久久91 | 久久6| 无码又爽又刺激视频A片涩涩 | www.成人电影.com| 精品欧美一区视频在线观看 | 日韩福利片午夜在线观看资源 | 国产人妻高清国产拍精品 | 在线免费观看黄网站 | 骚片AV蜜桃精品一区 | 波多野结衣三级视频 | 大地影院日本韩国电影免费观看 | www.毛片| 极品少妇小泬50PTHEPON | 长篇yin荡乱合集小说免费阅读 | 精品人妻无码一区二区三区手机版 | 欧美日韩国产另类一区二区三区 | 在线黄色毛片 | 日韩欧美在线视频一区二区 | 国语对白一区二区三区 | 男人把女人桶到爽免费看视频 | 久青草视频在线 | 专干老熟女A片 | 精品丰满人妻AV久久久 | 色欲精品国产AV久久久 | 欧美 亚洲 图 色 视频 | 国产成人亚洲精品91专区高清 | 欧美综合色网 | 最近新免费韩国电影高清 | 啪一啪射一射2024 | 日本vps私人大片 | 粗大新婚娇妻娇嫩 | 欧美 国产 日本 | 久久国产成人精品 | 男人女人做差羞视频 | 国内精品乱码卡一卡2卡 | 成年男人裸j免费网站 | 久青草国产在视频在线观看 | 亚洲色欧美图另类综合 | 国产亚洲国产bv网站在线 | 天天草天天| 色综合久久久久综合体桃花网 | 久久这里只有精品免费播放 | 亚洲欧美日韩另类精品一区二区三区 | 日美三级 | 国产一卡2卡3卡四卡国色天香 | 欧美性xxxx极品高清3d | 亚洲乱码日产精品BD在线下载 | 日韩A片无码一区二区三区电影 | 成人无码精品一区二区在线观看 | 午夜在线视频国产极品片 | 91免费国产高清在线 | 日本夜夜操 | 国产福利视频 | 亚洲欧美中文字幕网站大全 | 飞极速feijisu·6 | 最近中文字幕高清中文字幕MV | 97超级碰久久久久香蕉人人 | 久久精品久久精品久久 | 国内一级片 | 精品久久免费视频 | 又色又爽又黄无遮挡的免费的软件 | 888午夜不卡理论久久 | 天天操天天干天天 | 亚洲黄色免费观看 | 性荡视频播放器在线视频播放 | 毛茸茸的浓密在线视频 | 三级国产在线 | 97视频在线观看视频在线精品 | 亚洲激情区 | 视色视频 | 性欧美video另类hd亚洲人 | 欧美一区二区三区性 | 日韩欧美中文字幕送别 | 伦理片飘花手机在线 | 国产成人精品必看 | 成人午夜精品无码区久久漫画日本 | 王朝影院 | 国产成人久久精品AV | 国产传媒18精品A片熟女 | 久久精品国产日本波多麻结衣 | 精品一区 二区三区免费毛片 | 亚洲一级毛片免费观看 | 国产精品卡一卡2卡三卡网站 | 欧美极品video粗暴 | 欧美69视频 | 国产三级在线看 | 欧美爆操 | 国产在线播放一区二区 | 欧美日韩一二区旡码高清在线 | 国产无人区码卡二卡3卡4卡网站 | 国产国语特级一级aa毛片 | 在线观看的av免费网站 | 酷狗2011正式版下载 | 看av吧| 一级毛片完整版免费播放一区 | 国产高清精品国语特黄A片 国产寡妇性视频 | 首页欧美日韩在线观看 | 国产高清毛片 | 三级毛片免费 | 黄色在线视频网址 | 日本免费网站 | 国产人妻人伦AV又粗又一长 | 国产精品内射久久久久欢欢 | 日本A片特黄久久免费观看 日本A片中文字幕精华液 | 宋徽宗是南宋还是北宋 | 好男人好资源www社区 | 日本一区三区二区最新 | 天天躁日日躁 疯人影院 | 456亚洲影院 | 国产精品扒开做爽爽爽的视频 | 在线观看色视频网站 | 亚州笫一色惰网站 | 99久久免费精品 | 亚洲午夜精品久久久久久app | 国产一国产a一级毛片 | 中文字幕2021年 | 无码免费人妻A片AAA毛片一区 | 91免费国产高清在线 | 不卡无在线一区二区三区观 | 日本九九视频 | 色综合天天综合网国产成人 | 国产露脸无码A区久久 | 亚洲精品久中文字幕 | 亚洲制服欧美自拍另类 | 亚洲AV久久婷婷蜜臀无码不卡 | 2k电影网 | 三级视频兔费看 | 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区 | 亚洲一区日韩二区欧美三区 | 亚洲天天一色综合AV | 午夜射精日本三级 | 午夜人妻一区二区三区熟女 | 日本中文在线观看 | 奇米影色777四色在线首页 | 水蜜桃亚洲一二三四在线 | 两个女人互添下身爽舒服小说 | 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合久久俺 | 在线看电视网站 | 真实乱L仑口述全过程 | 精品国精品国产自在久国产应用 | 国产亚洲精品久久AV | 亚洲欧美一区二区三区在线 | free性欧美18 19 | 爱婷婷视频在线观看 | 久久久久久久岛国免费播放 | 日本一卡二卡三卡四卡试看 | 性做久久久久久久免费看 | 中文 在线 日韩 亚洲 欧美 | 九九久久亚洲综合久久久 | 日本成人在线看 | 最新黄色地址 | 日本色呦呦 | 日韩性做爰免费A片AA片 | 啊轻点灬太粗嗯太深了用力 | 亚洲日韩精品欧美一区二区 | 欧美 国产 亚洲视频 | 色网址大全123 亚洲 | 免费无码A片一区二三区 | 三妻四妾免费播放电视剧大全 | 又大又紧18P少妇在线观看 | 日韩一卡2卡三卡4卡无卡网站 | 亚洲AV成人无码人在线观看堂 | 视频二区 中文字幕 欧美 | 福利一二三区 | 三级电影下载 | 色一欲一性一乱一区二区三区 | 糖心VLOG精品一区二区 | 好吊色综合网天天高清 | 亚洲自拍电影 | 98在线福利网 | 中文天堂在线观看 | 毛片大片免费看 | 国产精品成人久久久 | 国产精品久久久久久久久免费 | 国产一三区A片在线播放 | 亚洲精品国产自在现线最新 | 永久免费看A片无码网站四虎 | 国产精品九九视频 | 黄网国产| 疯狂撞击美妇雪白的大肉臀 | 人妻久久久精品99系列A片毛 | 国产成人亚洲精品91专区手机 | 光棍影院鬼父1一16 观月雏乃种子 | 再深点灬舒服灬太大了动态图 | 三女一男做二2爱A片 | 黄色的视频网站在线观看 | 综合激情区视频一区视频二区 | 国产午夜福利视频一区二区32页 | 国精品午夜福利视频不卡麻豆 | 日本护士高清xxxxx | 青草影院在线观看 | 欧美三级在线播放线观看 | 男人天堂网2022 | 黑色幽默国语版全集 | 日本一区二区三区免费视频 | 天天干天天草天天 | 欧美大交乱xxxxxbbb | 久久这里的只有是精品23 | 日本精品少妇爆乳无码视频 | 日韩一区二区三区无码A片 日韩一区二区三区射精 | 操美女国产 | 欧美黄色网络 | 久久片 | 疯狂做受XXXX高潮吃奶 | 樱花草视频在线观看高清WWW | 999久久国产精品免费人妻 | 999亚洲国产精华液 99RE久久爱五月天婷婷 | 中文字幕一卡二卡三卡四卡免费 | 性影院 | 日韩在线小视频 | 日韩不卡高清 | 男人看片网址 | 与黑人大黑机巴做爰A片 | 亚洲男人的天堂成人 | 精品国产午夜肉伦伦影院 | 亚洲欧美啪啪 | 欧美精品第欧美第12页 | 色情婷婷| 性做爰片免费视频看 | 真实乱视频国产免费观看 | 色情AB又爽又紧无码网站 | xxxx亚洲| 九九夜夜妹子 | 狼人大香伊蕉国产WWW亚洲 | 日本欧美视频在线观看三区 | 国产高中生三级视频 | 国产激情久久久久久影院 | 日本无码色哟哟婷婷最新网站 | 香蕉自拍视频 | 97香蕉| 99热这里只有精品免费国产 | 岳艳的胯下做爰岳艳小说 | 免费无码毛片一区二区三区A片 | 亚洲精品色情AAA片 亚洲精品色情APP在线下载观看 | 欧美日韩精品一区二区在线播放 | 国产精品久久久久久久y | 欧美又大又硬又长又粗A片 欧美又黄又大又爽A片 | 高清无码日本一区二区 | 四虎综合网 | 国产成人精品综合 | 亚洲精品综合在线影院 | 国产精品免费视频 | 中国成人免费视频 | 日韩国产精品99久久久久久 | 国产精品久久久久毛片 | 一级做a爱过程免费观看 | 亚洲欧美日韩v中文在线 | 黄色片之夜 | 粗大新婚娇妻娇嫩 | 色视频网站在线观看 | 久久精品WWW人人爽人人 | 国产激情视频在线 | 麻豆精品传媒2024艾秋刺青 | 免费国自产拍精品视频 | 日本欧美中文字幕 | 国产乱码人妻一区二区三区 | 97亚洲熟妇自偷自拍另类图片 | 无遮挡很爽很污很黄的网站 | 日韩无套内射视频6 | 国产h视频在线观看高清 | 韩国伦理电影播放伦理电影网站 | 亚洲综合国产在不卡在线 | 女人18毛片水真多免费播放 | 综合自拍亚洲综合图区Av | 久久精品三级 | 国产在线是视频有精品 | 亚洲AV网站 | 古装一级毛片顶级 | 国产特一级毛片 | 欧美亚洲色倩在线观看 | 九一视频在线免费观看 | se94se最新网站 | 中国毛片网站 | 中文乱码字慕人妻熟女人妻 | 国产成人精品日本亚洲网址 | 日韩美一区二区 | 一级女人毛片人一女人 | 久久精品一卡二卡三卡四卡视频版 | 免费A级毛片无码无遮挡 | 欧美乱妇色情大片在线观看免费 | 国产MD视频一区二区三区 | 在线观看高清影院WWW | 双性少爷挨脔日常H惩罚H | 欧美视频日韩专区午夜 | 最近最好看2019年中文字幕 | 一扒二脱三插片在线观看 | 国产香线蕉手机视频在线观看 | 日韩有码在线视频 | 尤物永久网站 | 激情A片久久久久久久 | 亚洲清纯自偷自拍另类专区 | 全部免费的毛片视频观看 | 毛片在线播放网址 | 国产精品久久久久久久久夜色 | 草草在线影院 | 欧美.亚洲.日韩.天堂 | 伊人成人网| 狼人大香伊蕉国产WWW亚洲 | 国产精品视频一区国模私拍 | 色妺妺在线视频 | 年轻的馊子8HD中文字幕 | 国产午夜精品美女视频露脸 | 国产精品www| 69精品人人人人人人人人人 | 免费费很色视频大片 | 亚洲欧美国产双大乳头 | 成人18免费网站在线观看 | 精品福利资源在线导航网址 | 影音先锋亚洲AV少妇熟女 | 久久久国产精品无码人妻 | 色情A片成人网站免费看 | 色猫直播 | 亚洲免费观看视频 | 免费日韩精品 | 国产精品高清视亚洲一区二区 | 亚洲视频无码高清在线 | 日韩特黄特色大片免费视频 | 日本欧美亚洲中文在线观看 | 别停好爽好深好大好舒服视频 | 国产精品久久久久人妻无码网址 | 国产精品久久久久久亚洲影视 | 黄在线免费 | 一级做a爰片久久免费 | 丰满人妻妇伦又伦精品APP国产 | 黄色网址视频在线播放 | 精品久久亚洲 | 国产精品看片 | 办公室激情波多野结衣 | 制服丝袜中文在线 | 久见久热 这里只有精品 | 国产乱码一二三区精品 | 国产在线观看清码视频 | 嫩草国产露脸精品国产软件 | 精品一卡二卡三卡四卡视频区 | 国产一级一级一级国产片 | 亚洲精品无码一区二区卧室 | 99国产精品人妻无码免费 | 久久ZYZ资源站无码中文动漫 | 偷拍自偷 亚洲 欧美20P | 国产激情视频在线观看首页 | 97se亚洲国产综合自在线 | 波多野吉衣在线播放 | 天天综合天天射 | 91精品全国免费观看青青 | 亚洲日本一期二期三期精华液 | 中文在线三级中文字幕 | 污网站在线免费观看 | 青草内射中出高潮 | 嘬弄她书房高H | 坐在男人嘴上让他添在线视频 | 久久91精品国产91久久跳舞 | 干在线视频| 国产成人无码免费看片色哟哟 | 精品国产经典三级在线看 | 千涩成人| 免费欧美一级 | 日日噜| 成人福利在线 | 丝瓜app汅api免费丝瓜在线下载 | 国产又大又粗又硬的A片 | 国产片AV片永久免费观看 | 中文字幕在线观看一区 | 五级黄色 | 中日韩AV亚洲高潮无码 | 亚洲AV久久无码精品九九小说 | 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合激情 | 国产欧美日韩中文视频在线 | 国产人妻大保健私密推油按摩无码 | 校园H所有人随时随地做 | 天天操夜夜艹 | 久久久久免费精品国产小说 | 亚洲老熟女AV一区二区在线播放 | 老师你下面好紧夹死了 | 开心色 | 蜜臀国产在线视频 | 日韩三级在线免费观看 | 欧美人成在线视频 | 亚洲精品国产精品国自产99. | 国产三级日本三级在线播放 | 无套内内射视频网站 | 免费日韩精品 | 狠狠色噜噜狠狠狠狠2022 | 琪琪电影网午夜理论片717西瓜 | A片太大太长太深好爽A片视频 | 久久免费看少妇高潮A片特 久久免费看少妇高潮A片特爽 | 在线精品国产一区二区 | 最近免费中文字幕大全免费 | 久久综合九色综合桃花 | 久久99精品一级毛片 | 国产又爽又黄又不遮挡视频 | 免费久久精品 | 美丽的小蜜桃2主演其他电影 | 三级电影下载 | 久久三级国产 | 国产成人AV一区二区三区无码 | 果冻传媒 天美 麻豆 | 国产成+人欧美+综合在线观看 | 亚洲欧美一级久久精品 | 国产玩弄人妻出轨系列电影 | 久久国| 欧美日韓性视頻在線 | 钻女神胯vk | 中文高清无码人妻 | 亚洲第一区第二区 | 亚洲精品中文字幕一区二区三区 | 久久人人槡人妻人人玩夜色AV | 国产69精品久久久久乱码免费 | 午夜理论电影在线观看亚洲 | 日韩视频精品 | 国产又色又爽又黄又刺激18 | 国产精口品美女乱子伦高潮 | 亚洲国产精品日本无码小说 | 乱人妻人伦中文字幕 | 青草精品| 99re在线观看视频 | 最新精品国偷自产在线69 | 色就色 综合偷拍区欧美 | 俺去也伦理片 | 日本国产最新一区二区三区 | 无码潮喷A片无码高潮软件 无码潮喷A片无码高潮小说 | 欧美三级视频在线观看 | 海角国精产品一区一区三区糖心 | 波多野结衣33分钟办公室jian情 | 天天操天天爱天天干 | 欧美中文字幕在线观看 | 欧美视频在线观看xxxx | 韩国三级大全久久网站中文字幕 | 亚洲一区不卡视频 | 国产麻豆老师在线观看 | 综合色图 | 国产免费成人在线视频 | 国产精品久久久久久久久久直 | 依人在线免费视频 | 久久精品久噜噜噜久久 | 午夜视频网 | 性一交一乱一交A片久久四色 | 狠狠人妻久久久久久综合九色 | 日日爱669| 与黑人大黑机巴做爰A片 | 亚洲成aⅴ人片在线观 | 国产人妻精品区一区二区三区 | 免费在线看污网站 | 少妇伦子伦精品无吗 | 精品久久伊人 | 国产亚洲成AV人片在线观黄桃 | 巨胸喷奶水WWW冈哺乳期 | 亚洲一区日韩一区欧美一区a | 禁app下载站长统计网址进入 | 日韩一本在线中文字幕 | 少妇交换做爰6 | 色丁香婷婷 | 亚洲伊人情人综合网站 | 色影| 午夜人妻一区二区三区熟女 | 欧美成人免费A片爽爽爽 | 精品国产乱码久久久久久软件大全 | 影音先锋中文字幕无码资源站 | 婷婷综合五月 | 欧美 亚洲 有码中文字幕 | 97精品国产91久久久久久久 | 最新伦理电影_伦理电影 | 久久国产精品99久久久久久老狼 | 国产传媒免费看A片 | 乱子伦视频在线看 | 日韩AV免费一二三区视频 | 国产精品热久久高潮AV袁孑怡 | 天天操天天拍 | 女人被添全过程A片试看V | 工口h全彩无遮挡 | 免费一级a毛片在线播放视 免费一级a毛片在线播放 | 99re6免费视频 | 黄网址在线永久免费观看 | 欧美激情一区二区三区视频 | 国产深夜福利 | 91精品国产一区 | 日本亚洲一区二区三区 | 影音先锋电影资源av | 全球热恋迅雷 | 黄色片网站在线观看 | 一起赏电影网 | 91孕妇精品一区二区三区 | 婷婷电影网 | 琪琪色原网| 亚洲A片成人无码久久精品 亚洲A片不卡无码久久 | 欧日韩美香蕉在线观看 | 最近最好的2019中文字幕 | 亚洲精品久久久久久久久无码精品 | 雾岛奈津美ed2k | 精品国产乱码久久久久夜深人妻 | 亚洲乱码日产精品BD在线下载 | 偷看农村女人做爰毛片色 | 男人J桶进女人下部无遮挡A片 | 中国护士一级毛片免费版本 | 综合图片亚洲综合网站 | 香港aa三级久久三级 | 忘忧草影院在线www韩国日本 | 最好看最新中文视频在线观看 | 四川一级片 | 97超碰A片人人爽人人澡97 | 在线免费观看毛片网站 | 偷偷撸影院在线观看 | 精品免费看一区二区三区A片 | 成年人黄视频在线观看 | 久久精品韩国三级 | 五月婷婷六月丁香 | 久久久久国产精品免费看 | 国产精品国产三级国产专区不 | 99久在线精品99re6视频 | 真人做人试看120分钟 | 亚洲精品久久区二区三区蜜桃臀 | 性一交一乱一美A片裸体 | 久久理论 | 在线久综合色手机在线播放 | 奇米777四色影色在线看 | 日本韩国免费视频在线 | 尤物麻豆AV在线 | 特黄做愛又硬又大A片视频 特级 毛片 | 激情6月丁香婷婷色综合 | 一级毛片免费下载 | 中文字幕人成乱在线视频 | 日本欧美不卡一区二区三区在线 | 一区二区三区国产 | 欧美国产中文在线字幕视频 | 最近最新中文字幕MV在线1 | 香港三级日本三级妇人三级 | 亚洲国产精品无码成人A片小说 | 18岁禁看网站 | 黄色三级视频在线观看 | 毛茸茸xxx免费视频 毛茸茸xxx娇小 | 亚洲aaaa级特黄毛片 | 1024手机懂你旧版 | 国产精品69人妻无码久久 | 日韩草逼| 欧美最猛黑人xxxx黑人猛交69 | 成人黄色在线免费观看 | www日本高清视频 | 免费观看成人久久网免费观看 | 亚洲精品无码成人A片九色播放 | 欧美性猛交aa一级 | 亚洲精品午夜 | 午夜成人亚洲理伦片在线观看 | 激烈啪啪啪动态图 | 欧美日韩加勒比一区二区三区 | 国产又粗又猛又爽的视频A片 | 亚洲精品色情婷婷在线播放 | 好黄好猛好爽好痛的视频 | 国产伦精品一区二区三区免费 | 欧美性生交A片免费看 | 国产手机在线视频 | 日本一本免费一二区 | 在线中文天堂最新版官网 | 午夜福利影院私人爽爽 | 欧美第一网站 | 99热只有 | 一级毛片q片 | 99热这里只有精 | 国产一二三区有声小说 | 蜜桃网怎么打不开了 | 国产熟妇久久精品亚洲熟女图片 | 欧美人与物videos另类 | 四房播播下载 | 中文字幕第1页 | 一级毛片免费观看不卡的 | 长篇YIN荡乱合集小说免费TXT下载 | 亚洲精品无码苍井空A片 | 国产国产东北刺激毛片对白 | 91九色视频无限观看免费 | 777精品久无码人妻蜜桃 | 三级黄色片免费 | 色视频在线播放 | 久久久九九精品国产毛片A片 | 操美女视频在线观看 | 国产综合久久久久久鬼色 | 欧美一性一交一伦一A片视频 | 亚洲国产精品嫩草影院在线观看 | 色拍拍在线精品视频 | 少妇性L交大片W | 国产精品人妻无码免费A片导航 | xxxx欧美xxxx黑人 | 成人做爰A片三免费视频 | 狼人社区| 欧美中文字幕在线观看 | 九九国产精品视频 | 亚欧洲精品在线视频免费观看 | wwwyoujizz日本 | 免费在线观看h片 | 亚洲精品无码一区二区三区仓井松 | 国产又粗又黄又爽的A片动漫软件 | 亚洲AV嫩草AV极品A片 | 国产玩弄人妻出轨系列 | 成年片色情大免费网站 | 忘忧草日本在线WWW日本 | 2022免费国产精品福利在线 | 嫩草影院一二三区入口首页 | 女体拷问研究所下载 | 神马影院午夜伦理限级 | 欧美巨乳勺A片 | 欧美性影院 | 亚洲国产精品嫩草影院永久 | 日本成人性视频 | 我和乡下妽妽的性故事小说 | 亚洲欧美一区二区三区九九九 | 韩日在线播放 | 婷婷四房综合激情五月性色 | 久草视频免费看 | 亚洲欧美日韩v中文在线 | 亚洲成av人在线视 | 黄页免费观看 | 欧美高清视频一区 | 欧美女人的阴户毛茸茸的 | 免费的三级毛片 | 天天干天天干天天干天天干 | 亚洲区欧美日韩综合 | 国内视频自拍 | 日本在线精品视频 | 日本在线高清不卡免v | 日韩天堂视频 | 91在线欧美 | 五月综合色婷婷影院在线观看 | 天天色成人网 | 一本一道久久综合网 | 国产伦精品一区二区三区精品 | 四房播播最新网址 | 波多野结衣a∨免费观看 | 亚洲视频一区二区在线观看 | 黄色免费在线观看网址 | 久久毛片视频 | 人妻无码AV中文系统久久免费 | 国产精品无码视频一区二区 | 伊人热人久久中文字幕 | 欧美成人黑人性视频 | 精品人妻无码一区二区三区蜜桃臀 | 男主开会桌下被C得合不拢H | 多人性激烈的欧美三级视频 | 插插射啊爱视频日A级 | www.色网站 | 亚瑟首页YASEE40444 | 日本大片免a费观看视频 | 中文人妻AV久久人妻水密桃 | 瑟瑟综合| BT天堂网在线WWW中文 | 男人桶爽女人30分钟软件免费 | 好大好硬好爽18禁视频免费 | 天天操天天弄 | 国产无遮挡又黄又爽免费网站 | 四房播播成人社区 | 国内精品乱码卡一卡2卡三卡新区 | 国产激情艳情在线看视频 | 麻豆国产AV尤物网站尤物 | 色偷拍自怕亚洲在线 | 99热国产这里只有精品9九 | 色婷婷激婷婷深爱五月小说 | 性久久久久久久久波多野结衣 | 婷婷丁香五月激情综合在线 | 国产精品日日做人人爱 | 中文字幕日本不卡一二三区 | 3d动漫一区 | 九九久久久 | 欧美又粗又大色情 | 色综合站 | 四虎影院免费在线 | 翁公的粗大挺进我的密道 | 亚洲h视频 | 久久黄色大片 | 毛片在线观看地址 | 熟女人妻AV五十路六十路 | 嗯啊 流水噗呲h啪啪皇上双性 | 美女扒开让男人桶 | 免费的成品网页 | 国产99精品在线观看 | 日本中文在线播放 | www天天干 | 精品国产乱码久久久久久免费 | 97smm| 中文字幕一区二区三区在线不卡 | 国产精品久免费的黄网站 | 日韩国产第一页 | 国产日韩欧美精品一区二区三区 | 国产精品久久国产精品99 | 高清毛片AAAAAAAAA片 | 成人免费看黄 | 日韩无人区码卡二卡3卡4卡介绍 | 成人18在线视频播放 | 成人夜色视频网站在线观看 | 91精品免费久久久久久久久 | 天堂网在线看 | 伦理 电影 | 欧洲每年百万吨电子垃圾流向亚非 | 视频一区日韩 | 国产青草视频免费观看97 | 污网址在线观看 | 特级毛片全部免费播放免下载 | 蜜柚AV久久久久久久 | 色呦呦网站 | 天天爽天天干天天操 | 国产又粗又猛又爽又黄的A片小说 | 果冻传媒入口 | 小莹的性荡生活38章 | 99久久精品国产免看国产一区 | 色你妹gif动态图片 色哦色哦哦色天天综合 | 国产黄A片三級三級三級 | 亚洲国产成人精品女人久久久 | 九九九九九 | 亚洲午夜精品久久久久久app | 国产老熟女伦老熟女熟妇图片 | 精品无码久久久久久久久 | 欧美日韩操 | 男女AA片免费 | 日本高清在线看片免费视频 | 精品久久久爽爽久久久AV | 禁止的爱6浴室吃奶中文字幕 | 色综合久久久高清综合久久久 | 薰衣草影院 | 99视频久九热精品 | 内射老阿姨1区2区3区4区 | 日韩色情一区二区无码AV | 免费无码毛片一区二区三区A片 | 一级aaaaa毛片免费视频 | 国产精品久久久久久亚洲影视 | 国产成人精品一区二区三区影院 | 天堂网av2018 | 欧美精品不卡 | 中文字幕日韩在线 | 亚洲日本韩国 | 成人在线黄色 | 国产在线a免费观看 | 欧美本道| 成人黄色在线网站 | 国产真人无码AV在线观看APP | 99r视频里面只有精品 | 黄色毛片看看 | 久久精品国产99国产精品澳门 | 亚洲A片无码精品毛片色戒 亚洲A片无码精品毛片 | 亚洲第一中文 | 黑帮少爷爱上我第一季在线观看 | 欧洲VODAFONEWIFI一区 | 大陆一级毛片免费高清 | 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久日本麻豆 | 亚洲三级黄色片 | 欧美97蜜桃色图片 | 韩国伦理电影在钱看线 | 亚洲天堂中文字幕在线观看 | 免费黄色一级毛片 | 亚洲国产果果在线播放在线 | 成熟少妇大片免费看 | 欧美a色 | 成人在线精品视频 | 最近更新中文字幕版 | sss色视频 | 深爱婷婷 | 国精品人妻无码一区二区三区一 | 精品a级片| 超碰伊人久久大香线蕉综合 | 熟女人妻 中文字幕在线 | 亚洲伦理网站 | 国产精品人妻无码久久久2022 | 伊人婷婷综合缴情亚洲五月 | 日日爱669| 男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸A片 | 青青草国产免费一区二区 | 草久在线视频 | 国产成人精品久久免费动漫 | 纯h超级大尺度小黄文 | 五月天色婷婷在线 | 日本午夜大片 | 五月婷婷之综合激情 | 欧洲无人区卡一卡二卡三 | 在线视频一区二区三区三区不卡 | 成人看的视频 | 三A级做爰片免费观看国产电影 | 久久久久夜色精品波多野结衣 | 亚洲熟女乱色综合亚洲图片 | 人人影视大全 | 亚洲 素人 字幕 在线 最新 | 婷婷丁香五月缴情视频 | 和少妇人妻邻居做爰无码 | 人妻洗澡被强伦姧完整国产 | 黄色在线播放网址 | 日本一区二区在线看 | 美国无人区 | 最近大片 | 一区二区三区在线免费视频 | 殴美影院 | 妞妞影视一二三区 | 欧美色99 | 亚洲国产日韩精品一区二区三区 | 人妻在客厅被C的呻吟 |